بررسی کارآیی روش شهودی و حجیت معرفت‌شناختی آن در تحلیل پدیدۀ آگاهی با تأکید بر مکتب اشراق

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دکتری فلسفۀ اسلامی دانشگاه باقر العلوم (ع)

10.22061/orj.2023.1910

چکیده

شهود به مثابۀ یک روش، مبنای بسیاری از استدلال‌های فلسفی در حوزۀ علم النفس و آگاهی است. آگاهی و ادراک در عین حال که از ساده‌ترین و بدیهی‌ترین پدیدارهای جهان ما است، اما در عین حال پیچیده‌ترین مسائل فلسفی درخصوص آن پدید آمده است. مکاتب مختلف فلسفی بسته به نظام فکری خود پاسخ‌های متعددی به پرسش چیستیِ آگاهی و ادراک داده‌اند. برخی استدلال‌ها از داده‌های حسی و دانش تجربی برای پاسخ ÷به این پرسش بهره گرفته‌اند و برخی دیگر مبانی نظری و عقلی را بن‌مایۀ براهین خود قرار داده‌اند. در این میان برخی فیلسوفان از یافته‌های شهودی برای تبیین آگاهی و ادراک بهره جسته‌اند. با وجود آنکه استفاده از داده‌های شهودی شیوع بسیاری به‌ویژه در میان اندیشمندان مسلمان دارد اما شهود به مثابۀ یک روش در استدلال‌های علم النفسی سامان نیافته است. در این پژوهش سعی می‌گردد، چگونگی استفاده از شهود و کارایی آن در نظام‌های مختلف فلسفی و به ویژه در سه مکتب محوری مشاء، اشراق و حکمت متعالیه، در خصوص مسائل علم النفس مورد بحث قرار گیرد. به‌نظر می‌رسد، روش شهودی، روشی نظام‌مند و کارا برای حلّ مسائل حوزۀ آگاهی و ادراک است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Study of the Effectiveness of the Intuitive Method and Its Epistemic Justification in Analyzing the Phenomenon of Consciousness: A Case Study of the Islamic Illuminationist School of Thought

نویسنده [English]

  • Mahdi Karimi
PhD, Islamic Philosophy, Baqir al-Olum University
چکیده [English]

Intuition as a method serves as the foundation of many philosophical arguments in Islamic philosophical psychology and consciousness. Although consciousness and perception are among the simplest and most evident phenomena in our world, they have given rise to the most complicated problems in philosophy. Given their intellectual systems, various philosophical schools of thought have offered different replies to the question of the nature of consciousness and perception. Some arguments draw on sensory data and empirical knowledge to answer the question, and others deploy theoretical and intellectual principles as grounds of their arguments. Furthermore, there are philosophers who utilize intuitive findings to account for consciousness and perception. While the use of intuitive data is ubiquitous among Muslim intellectuals, no formulation has been presented about the nature of intuition as a method in psychological arguments. In this research, the author deal with the following question: how intuition is used in different Islamic philosophical systems, particularly in the three pivotal schools of thought: Peripatetic, Illuminationist, and Transcendent philosophies and what is its effectiveness as well.. It seems that the intuitive method is an effective systematic method for solving the problems pertaining to consciousness and perception.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Methodology
  • Intuition
  • Consciousness
  • Perception
  • Ishraq
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