بررسی تطبیقی دیدگاه اشاعره و ملاصدرا در نحوه فاعلیت الهی و غیرالهی با توجه به قاعده: «لامؤثِّر فی الوجود الا الله»

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

عضو هیات علمی و استادیار دانشگاه ملی ملایر

10.22061/orj.2023.1908

چکیده

در تبیین نحوۀ فاعلیت الهی و غیرالهی، قاعده «لامؤثر فی الوجود الا الله» مورد پذیرش و تأکید اشاعره و ملاصدرا است. لکن هر کدام، تفسیری متفاوت از این قاعده ارائه کرده­اند. در این مقاله با روش توصیفی – تحلیلی – انتقادی، با بررسی تطبیقی میان این دو دیدگاه درپی­فهم پاسخ به ­این سؤال هستیم که تبیین، مبانی و لوازم دو دیدگاه از فاعلیت الهی و غیرالهی برپایه قاعده مزبور چیست؟ اشاعره بر اساس این قاعده، هرگونه علیت و تأثیر و تأثُّر را در میان فاعل­های غیر الهی انکار کرده­اند و فقط فاعلیت مستقیم الهی را برای همه افعال می­پذیرند. اما ملاصدرا بر اساس مبانی­ فلسفی خود در حکمت متعالیه، ضمن اثبات فاعلیَّت قریب الهی برای تمامی افعال، نقشی را نیز برای فاعل­های غیرالهی در افعال می­پذیرد و گونه­ای از تأثیر و تأثُّر در میان مخلوقات را اثبات می­کند. هر دو دیدگاه دارای اشتراکات و افتراقاتی هستند و هیچ­یک از آن دو خالی از اشکال به­نظر نرسید. با این­حال به­نظر می­رسد از میان تبیین­های متعدد و مختلفی که از دیدگاه ملاصدرا ارائه شده است، تبیینی که ملاعلی مدرس از آن ارائه کرده، تا حد زیادی پیراسته از اشکالات می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Article Title: A Comparative Study of the Views of Ash'areh and Mulla Sadra on the Mode of Divine and Non-Divine Agency According to the Rule: "There is no Affective on the Existence Except Allah"

نویسنده [English]

  • Yahya Noormohammadi NajafAbadi
Assistant professor of Malayer University
چکیده [English]

In explaining the mode of divine and non-divine activity, the rule "There is no affective on the existence except Allah" is accepted and emphasized by Ash'ara and Mulla Sadra. However, each of them has presented a different interpretation of this rule. In this article, with a descriptive-analytical-critical method, with a comparative study between these two views, we seek to understand the answer to the question that what are the explanations, foundations and essentials of the two views of divine and non-divine agency based on the aforementioned rule? Based on this rule, the Ash'ari have denied any causality, influence, and influence among the possibilities and attribute all actions exclusively and directly to God Almighty. But Mulla Sadra, based on his philosophical foundations in the wisdom of the Supreme, while proving God's close efficacy for all actions, also accepts a role for other possibilities in the actions and proves a type of influence among the contingent beings. Many different explanations can be given from Mulla Sadra's point of view. By examining both views, it became clear that none of them are free of problems. Of course, Mulla Sadra's point of view, with the explanation given by Mulla Ali Modares, is largely free of problems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ash'are
  • Mulla Sadra
  • Divine Agency
  • Non-Divine Agency
  • the Rule: "There is no Effect in the Existence of Allah"

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