سیمون دوبووار: از مادری به سوی دیگری؟

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی قزوین

2 استاد گروه فلسفه و مدیرگروه فلسفه دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی

10.22061/orj.2023.1852

چکیده

سیمون دوبووار به عنوان مادر فمنیسم، مهم­ترین عامل در مبارزات زنان در قرن نوزدهم است. او معتقد است زنان در هر دوره از زندگیِ خود، مورد ظلم واقع می­شوند و این ظلم نتیجۀ فشاری است که از جامعه مردسالار بر آنها وارد می­شود. دوبووار، زنان را دعوت به مبارزه علیه این ظلم می­کند اما همۀ مشکلات وارد شده به زن­ها را متوجه مردان نمی­داند. او تحت‌تاثیر فلسفۀ هایدگر و سارتر و با بهره­گیری از دیدگاه­های اگزیستانسیالیستی، زنان را ابژه­ای در برابر سوژه، دیگری در برابرِ من و «بودن» در برابر «شدن» می­نامد. از نظر او زنان در هر دوره ای از زندگیِ خود به عنوان جنس دوم تلقی شده­اند و برای دستیابی به منِ حقیقی و متعالی خود باید از آنچه که به آنها تحمیل شده است، فراتر بروند. دوبووار در یک فصل ازجنس دوم، با پرداختن به تأثیرات مادر شدن برای زنان، مصائب و مشکلات زنان را بازگو می­کند. در این مقاله دیدگاه دوبووار در باب موقعیت زنان به عنوان ابژه، دیگری و جنس دوم در نقش مادری تحلیل و بررسی می­شود و نشان خواهیم داد که چرا از دیدگاه او مادر شدن، نمی تواند زنان را  از «دیگری» رها سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Simone de Beauvoir: From Motherhood to Otherness?

نویسندگان [English]

  • mazaher Esalati 1
  • Abdul-Razaq Hesamifar 2
1 Imam Khomeini International University
2
چکیده [English]

 As the mother of feminism, Simone de Beauvoiris the most important element of the women's struggles in 19th century. Sheholds that women are under oppression in each period of their lives and this oppressionstems from a male-dominated society. Simone de Beauvoirasks women to struggle against this oppression but she didn't direct all problems imposed on women against men. Under the influence ofHeidegger and Sartre's philosophies and drawing on existentialistic views, she considers women as the object versus the subject, the other versus I and the being versus the becoming. In her view, women have been regarded as the 2nd sex in any period of their lives and to have access to their real and transcendent self, they should go over the situation that has been imposed upon them. In one chapter of her 2nd sex, she deals with the impacts of motherhood upon women and retells the women's disasters and problems. The present paper is an attempt to analyze and assessed Beauvoir's views on women's situation as the object, the mother and the 2nd sex who has the role of motherhood and then proceed to show that why becoming a mother cannot leave women from otherness.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Women
  • Situation
  • Motherhood
  • Existentialism
  • Otherness
  • Abortion

مراجع

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