بررسی انتقادی دیدگاه سهروردی دربارۀ «وجود»

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه فلسفه و حکمت اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان

10.22061/orj.2022.1763

چکیده

موضوع و دایر مدار مسائل در فلسفۀ مشاء وجود است. می‌توان گفت نظام فلسفی مشاء اعم از خداشناسی، جهان شناسی و وجود‌ شناسی مبتنی بر «وجود» است. سهروردی دیدگاه فلاسفۀ مشاء را دربارۀ وجود در پرتو رابطه آن با ماهیت تحلیل می‌کند. به نظر وی وجود به عنوان مفهوم کلی صرفا در مرتبۀ ذهن تقرر دارد؛ اما فلاسفۀ مشاء با عینی دانستن آن، احکام مفاهیم ذهنی را با امور عینی خلط کرده‌اند. لذا سهروردی معتقد است فلاسفۀ مشاء در بحث از وجود دچار مغالطه ذهن و عین شده‌اند که مالاً به ناسازگاری درونی در نظام فلسفی مشاء می انجامد. وی با اظهار این مغالطه به اعتباری بودن وجود می‌رسد و مسائل فلسفه را از وجود شناسی به نورشناسی تغییر می‌دهد. در این مقاله با روش تحلیلی و انتقادی ابتدا فهم سهروردی را از وجود و رابطه آن با ماهیت مطرح و سپس با تکیه بر نظر فلاسفه مشاء، سوء فهم سهروردی را از نظر ایشان بیان می‌کنیم و در مرحله آخر نظر سهروردی به تفصیل مورد نقد قرار می‌گیرد. سهروردی در فهم نظر فلاسفۀ مشاء در باب وجود دچار مغالطاتی شده است که از جمله آنها می‌توان به مشکلات معرفت شناختی در تصور و فهم وجود، خلط عرض با عرضی، خلط ماهیت من حیث هی هی با ماهیت بشرط شی، خلط عقل با ذهن، خلط انواع تمایز بین وجود و ماهیت و خلط معقولات ثانی فلسفی با منطقی اشاره کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Suhrawardi on Existence: A Critical Study

نویسنده [English]

  • Sohrab Haghighat
department of Islamic philosophy, faculty of theology, Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University
چکیده [English]

In peripatetic philosophy Existence is the subject matter and it is the basis of the Peripatetic’s philosophical system, including theology, cosmology and ontology. Suhrawardi analyzes the view of Peripatetic philosophers about existence in the light of its relation to essence. In his view, existence as a general concept is only in the mind But peripatetic philosophers consider it an objective matter and have confused the rules of mental concepts with objective matters. Hence, Suhrawardi believes that the Peripatetic philosophers in the discussion of existence have been confronted with the fallacy of mind and object, which leads to internal incompatibility in the Peripatetic philosophical system. By expressing this confusion, he concludes that existence is a consideration of mind and therefore, changes the problems of philosophy from ontology to theory of light. In this article, by analytical and critical method, first discuss Suhrawardi's understanding of existence and its relation to essence, and then, relying on the views of Peripatetic philosophers, we express Suhrawardi's misunderstanding from his point of view, and in the last stage, Suhrawardi's opinion is criticized in detail. Among Suhrawardi's fallacies in understanding the views of peripatetic philosophers about existence, we can state the Epistemological fallacies in understanding of existence, confusion of accident with accidental, confusion of nonconditioned essence with the conditioned with something essence, confusion of reason with mind, confusion of kinds of distinctions between existence and essence, and confusion of secondary philosophical ineligibles with logical.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Existence
  • Essence
  • Suhrawardi
  • Peripatetic Philosophers
  • Regression
  • Equivocation

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