واکاوی نظریۀ فیض و تبیین نسبت آن با مسئلۀ خلقت در نگرش ابن‌سینا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی، گروه فلسفه، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیارگروه فلسفه، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

3 استاد گروه فلسفه، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

10.22061/orj.2021.1671

چکیده

ابن‌سینا در آموزۀ خلقت با اینکه تحت تاثیر ارسطو و نظریه نوافلاطونی فیض است، از سویی متاثر از متکلمان مسلمان و منابع و متون دینی است، و همین موجب تمایز اندیشه او از متفکران سلف خود شده است. او در عین اینکه از فاعل به عنوان مفیض و عَلت وجودی یاد می‌کند، رابطه موجودات با فاعل را بر رابطه وجودی استوار می‌سازد، نظریۀ علم عنائی او در صدور موجودات با اصلاحات اندکی می‌تواند در منشأ صدور موجودات، نظریه‌ای قابل اعتنا باشد. او در علم خداوند به ذات خود از علم حضوری و اتحاد عالم و معلوم سخن رانده است، لذا با توجه به برداشت وی از علم حضوری، می‌توان با اتکا به همین نظریه او، علم خداوند به مخلوقات اعم از مبدعات و مخترعات و مکونات را توجیه و تبیین کرد، خصوصاً اینکه ابن‌سینا علم خداوند به مخلوقات را از طریق علم به ذات تبیین و تفسیر می‌کند. نظریۀ فیض در اندیشه فیلسوفان بعدی هیچ‌گاه مورد غفلت نبوده و به عنوان یکی از معقول‌ترین تفسیرها از خلقت جهان و خالقیت و فاعلیت خداوند عنوان می‌شود. در این مقاله با اتکا به روش تحلیلی، بر اساس نظریۀ فیض ابن‌سینا، سعی در تبیین و پر کردن فاصله پراهمیت خالق و مخلوق داریم، چنان‌که نظریۀ  فیض توام با علم الهی پایه و اساس خلقت ابداعی عالم قلمداد گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Inquiry into the Theory of Emanation and Its Relation to Creation in Avicenna’s in Avicenna View

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sadigheh Riahi 1
  • Mohammad Akvan 2
  • Mehdi Najafi Afra 3
1 Ph.D student specialist , Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate professor of philosophy, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
3 Najafiafra.Mehdi. professor, philosophy, central Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. Iran
چکیده [English]

In proposing his doctrine of creation, Avicenna is under the influence of Aristotle and Neoplatonian theory of emanation as well as Islamic theologicians and religious texts. This is why his thought is basically different from previous thinkers. While he defines “the agent” as “emanatory” and “cause of existence”, he believes that the relationship between the beings and the agent is based on an existential relationship. With minor amendments, his theory of “creative foreknowledge” can be proposed as a prominent theory about the origin of emanation of beings. He examines divine knowledge by referring to “knowledge by presence” and “unity of the knower and the known”. Given his comments about knowledge by presence, the divine knowledge about the created beings including mubda'at, mukhtara'at and mukawwanat can be explained based on his theory. Particularly, he explains divine knowledge about the created beings through the divine knowledge of his own essence. Then the emanation theory has not been neglected by later philosophers and has been considered as one of the most rational interpreatations of God as the creator and agent and of the creation of world. In this article. We have tried to explain the relationship between the creator and the created based on the emanation theory of Avicenna. The theory of emanation along with We have tried to explain the relationship between the creator and the created based on the emanation theory of Avicenna. The theory of emanation along with the divine knowledge has been proposed as the basis of “creation out of nothing” (creatio ex nihilo).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Creation
  • Issuance
  • Avicenna
  • Enayat
  • Emanation

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