حقیقت هیولای اولی بر اساس مبانی فلسفه صدرا (از منظر شارحان معاصر حکمت متعالیه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه و کلام اسلامی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان

2 دانشیار فلسفه اسلامی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان

3 استادیار فلسفه دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان

4 دانشیار فلسفۀ دانشگاه تبریز

10.22061/orj.2021.1653

چکیده

ماده اولی یکی از ارکان فلسفه اسلامی است که در بسیاری از مسائل مهم هستی شناسی و معرفت ­شناسی آن، نقش سازنده­ای دارد، لیکن هویت هیولا در حکمت متعالیه با چالش­ها و ابهاماتی مواجه شده و همواره مورد اختلاف مفسرین حکمت متعالیه از جمله شارحان معاصر واقع شده است. اکنون پرسش این است که آیا از نظر شارحان معاصر، ماده اولی با همان تفسیر ارسطویی و مشائی همچنان مورد قبول این متفکران است یا تفسیر دیگری از آن ارائه شده است؟ و اگر هم اسمی و نامی از آن به میان می­آید تنها اشتراک لفظی با تعبیر مصطلح و ارسطویی دارد؟ پاسخ این است که بر اساس رویکرد توصیفی- تحلیلی می­توان گفت که ماده اولی، بر پایه مبانی فلسفه صدرایی به ویژه نظریه تحوّل و اشتداد وجودی، دیگر همان مادة المواد مرسوم و مشهور در بستر تاریخی و ارسطویی نیست و مفهوم ماده به عنوان یک مفهوم انتزاعی و معقول ثانی فلسفی از مقایسۀ وجود ضعیف در حال استکمال با مرتبۀ بعدی آن، انتزاع و حاصل می­شود. تعبیرات صریحی نیز (مبتنی بر مبانی حکمت متعالیه) در آثار خود ملاصدرا و شارحان و مفسران آثار او وجود دارد که بر نفی هیولا به عنوان یک جوهر مستعد (مشائی) دلالت دارد و ماجرای حرکت را بر اساس تحول و شکوفایی وجود ضعیف و رقیقه تبیین می­کند. تشریح و تبیین این نکته بنیادی، همان وظیفه­ای است که این مقاله بر عهده­ گرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Prime Matter According to the Principles of Sadra's Philosophy (in the View of Contemporary Commentators of Transcendent Theosophy)

نویسندگان [English]

  • sayyede Roghaye Mosavi 1
  • Mansour Imanpour 2
  • Ghulam Hossein Ahmadi Ahanghar 3
  • Hassan Fathi 4
1 Phd student of Islamic philosophy and theology of Azarbijan Shahid Madani University
2 Associate Professor of Islamic philosophy and theology of Azarbijan Shahid Madani University
3 Assistant Professor philosophy of Azarbijan Shahid Madani University
4 Associate Professor of philosophy University of Tabriz
چکیده [English]

Prime matter is one of Principles Islamic philosophy that it has a constructive role on many its important issues. But it has always been disputed by commentators on transcendent theosophy, including contemporary commentators in transcendent theosophy, due the ambiguities that exist in prime matter's identity. Since many epistemological and ontological issues of Islamic philosophy are based on the acceptance of prime matter. Therefore, it seems that the way interprets prime matter subconsciously will spread to those issues as well and it will affect them. Sadra's philosophy, on the other hand, is a philosophical system based on certain principles such as the Existence, the simplicity of existence, the gradation in being, and substantial motion. it seems necessary to determine the identity of matter according to the principles of Sadra's philosophy. present study, it was obtained  by descriptive-analytical method that according to Sadra's philosophical principles, in the view of contemporary commentators on transcendent theosophy, prime matter is not the same as conventional substances and only the name of it remains and, it is interpreted and delivered in abstract concept comparison with the weak being completed with its next stage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Prime Matter
  • Contemporary Commentators
  • Transcendent Theosophy
Aristotle, Metaphysics, translated by David Ross, in the complete works of Aristotle, edited by J. Barnes, Princeton university press, 1984. English
Aristotle, Metaphysics, Translated by of Sharaf Al-Din Khorasani, fifth edition, Tehran, Hekmat, 2010. Persian
Ashtiane, J, Mulla Sadra's biography and philosophical views, Gom, Islamic Communications office, 1999. Persian
Amoli, M, Dorar Al Fawayid (talyghat ala sharh Almanzume lil Sabzwary), Gom, Ismaelian, 1998. Arabic
Abbaszadeh Jahromi, M, Fayyazi, Gh, 2014, "The simplicity of existence in transcendent and peripatetic Philosophy", Hekmat Isra ', No 22, pp 5-26. Persian
Farabi, A, Farabi's philosophical writing, translated by Saeed Rahimian, first edition, Tehran, scientific and cultural publications, 1999. Persian
..…………., Opinions of the utopia, translated by Seyyed Jafar Sajjadi, Tehran, Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, 2000. Persian
Fayyazi, Gh, Existence and quiddity in Hekmat Sadraei, Hossein Ali Sheidan Sheid, third edition, Qom, Research Institute and University, 2011. persian
Hasanzadeh Amoli. H, Etihad Aghil Bi Maeghul, second edition, Tehran, Hekmat, 1987. Persian 
………….., Nusus Al Hekam Bar Fosus Al Hekam, second edition, Tehran,  Raja, 1996. Persian
………......, One Thousand And One Words, vol 1. 2. 6, third edition, Gom,  Bostan Ketab, 2002. Persian

………….., Doroos-e Marefate Nafs, third edithion, Gom, Alef  lam mem, 2006. Persian.

Hedayat Afza, M, 2017, "Study of internal contradictions and innovations of Mulla Sadra about the prime matter", Wisdom and Philosophy, 13th year, No 3, pp 101-119.
Ibn Sina, Al Shifa (Al Elahiyat), Gom, Marashi Najafi, 1984a. Arabic………...., Al Talyghat, investigation by Abdul Rahman Badawi, Gom, Al'Alam Eslamy, 1984b. Arabic
……..….., Al Nejat Min Alghargh fy Bahr Alzalalat, Introduction by  Muhammad Taqi Danesh Pazhoh, Tehran,  Tehran University, 2000. Arabic
….……..., Rasayil Ibn Sina, Gom, Bidar, 1980. Arabic
Ibn Rushd,, tahafut al tahafut, Introduction by Mohammed Al-Arebi, First Edition, Beirut, Dar al fikr al lobnani, 1993. Arabic
Javadi  Amoli, A, Rahigh Makhtoom, Vol 1, 2, researcher Hamid  Parsania, Third edithion, Gom, Isra, 2007. Persian.
Mesbah Yazdi, M, Legha e Elahi, edited by Karim Sobhani, second edition, Qom, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute, 2009. Persian
.…..…..., Sharh Asfar, vol 1, part 1, first edition, Qom, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute, 2001. Persian

.…………., Amuzish e Falsafah, Vol 1.2, Tehran, Amir kabir, 2004. Persian

………….,  Sharh Nehayat al Hekma, vol. 2, researcher and editor Abdul Rasool oboudiat, first edition, Qom, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute, 2008. Persian

……..….., Sharh Asfar, vol. 1, part 2, research and writing by Mohammad Taghi Sobhani, Qom, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute, 2005. Persian
…….…..., A Collection of Audio works  by Mesbah Yazdi (Sharh Asfar), Ghanjene Marefat. Persian
Moallemi, H, 2004, "Etebariat mahiat az arsh einiat ta farsh sarabiat", Philosophical knowledge, Vol 3, pp 89-106. Persian
Mirdamad, M, Mirdamad works, Vol 1, by Abdullah Noorani, Tehran, Association of Cultural Works and Cultural Heritage, 2002. Arabic
Motahari, M, Movement and Time in Islamic Philosophy, Vol 1, third edition, Tehran, Hekmat, 1990. Persian
…………, Collection of works of Master Shahid  Motahari, vol 5, 6, 7, 11, 2001. Persian
Modarres Zonozi, A, Badaye al-Hekam, edited and introduced by Ahmad Vaezi, first edition, Tehran, Al-Zahra, 1997. Persian
Souhrawardi, Hekmat  Al-Ishragh, translated by Seyyed Jafar Sajjadi, second edition, Tehran, University of Tehran, 1976. Arabic
Sabzwari, H, Sharh Al Manzumeh, commented on by Hassan Zadeh al amoli, Presentation and investigation by Masoud Talebi, Tehran, Nab. Arabic

Shirazi. M, Al-Hikma al-mutaaliya fi l-asfar al-aqhliyya, Vol 1.2.3.4.5.6.7,  Annotator Allameh Tabatabai, Third edithion, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-turath al-arabi, 1981. Arabic

...…….…, Al-Arshiyyeh, the correction of Gholam hussein Ahani, Tehran, Mola, 1982. Arabic
…………, Mafatih al gheib, Narrated by Ali Nuri, first edithion, Tehran, community philosophy of Iran, 1984a. Arabic
……..…, Al Mashaeir, translated by Mirza Emad Al-Dowleh, French translation, introduction and commentary by Hanri Corban, second edition, Tehran, Tahoori, 1984b. Arabic
..………, Collection of philosophical writing of Sadr Al-Muta'allehin, second edition, Tehran, Hekmat, 1999. Arabic
……....., Al-Shawahid  al-Rububiyyah fi al-Manahj al-Solukiyyah, annotations by Hadi ibn Mahdi Sabzevari, first edition, Beirut, Institute of Arab History, 1997. Arabic
……..…, Three Philosophical Essays, third edition, Qom, Islamic Notifications Office, 2008. Arabic
..………, Al Hashiyeh Ala al ilhiyat al shifa, first edition, Qom, Bidar. Arabic
………..., Sharh al-Hedayat al-Athiriyah, first edition, Beirut, Institute of Arab History, 2001. Arabic
……….., Al Hashyh Ala al-ilhiyat al-shifa, With the nobility of Seyyed Mohammad  Khamenei, edited and researched by Dr. Najafgholi Habibi, Tehran, Sadra Islamic Wisdom Foundation, 2003a. Arabic
………..., Al-Shawahid  al-Rububiyyah fi al-Manahj al-Solukiyyah, by Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei, edited and researched by Mustafa Mohaghegh Damad, Tehran, Sadra Islamic theosophy Foundation, 2003b. Arabic
……….. , Mafatih al Gheiyb, vol 1. 2, by Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei, edited by Dr. Najafgholi Habibi, Tehran, Sadra Islamic theosophy Foundation, 2007. Arabic
Tabatabai, M, Translation and explanation of  Bedayah al hekmah, vol 3, eleventh edition, Qom, Bostan ketab, 2009. Persian
…….…., Translation and explanation of  nehayah al hekmah, Vol 2, second edition, Qom, Bostan ketab, 2008. persian
…...…...,Principles of Philosophy and Method of Realism, Vol 4, second edition, Tehran, Sadra Publications, 1985. Persian
Yazdanpanah, Y, Principles of theoretical mysticism, written by Seyyed Ata Anzali, second edition, Qom, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute, 2010a. Persian
….……,  Hekmat Ishraq, Vol 2, Research and Writing by Mehdi Alipour, first edition, Qom, hozeh Research Institute and University, 2010b. persian