نفی پوچی از منظر هستی‌شناختی در اندیشه ملاصدرا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار دانشگاه معارف اسلامی

چکیده

از ارکان کشف دیدگاه ملاصدرا در مسئلة فلسفة زندگی، شناخت معنای حیات و ابعاد و مؤلفه­های آن است. در فرایند کشف این نظریه، نقد دیدگاه رقیب و بدیل نیز صورت خواهد گرفت. مسئلة اصلی این تحقیق کشف مواضع هستی­شناختی صدرا در تحلیل معناداری زندگی و به تبع آن نقد و نفی پوچی و بی­معنایی زندگی است. درواقع در این جستار در پی پاسخ به این پرسش اساسی هستیم که در نظام فکری ملاصدرا و مبتنی بر رهیافت هستی­شناسی او، پوچی و بی­معنایی زندگی چگونه نفی می­شود؟ رهاورد به دست آمده بیانگر آن است که با بازخوانی دیدگاه ملاصدرا به این نتیجه می‌رسیم که وی در زمرة اندیشمندانی است که از نظریه فراطبیعت‌گرایانه در حوزه معنای زندگی دفاع می‌کند. از دیگر نتایج و دست­آوردهای این پژوهش آن است که از منظر هستی‌شناختی، باور به مبدأ و معاد و ارائه استدلال‌های موجه و معقول در این دو حوزه خواه‌ناخواه حیات آدمی را معنادار جلوه داده و به معناداری زندگی او منجر خواهد شد. بنیادی‌ترین مبنا در میان مبانی هستی‌شناسی، مسئله وجود خدا و توحید و از پس آن معاد است. پژوهش پیش­رو به شیوه توصیفی- تحلیلی دیدگاه صدرا را دربارة معناداری حیات در پرتو باور به مبدأ و معاد بیان و در ادامه به تبیین و در پاره‌ای موارد بازخوانی و حتی بازسازی دیدگاه او در نفی پوچی و بی‌معنایی از زندگی خواهد پرداخت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Mulla Sadra's Ontological Critic to the Absurdity of Life (Nihilism)

نویسنده [English]

  • Abuzar Rajabi
Assistant Professor of the Islamic Knowledge
چکیده [English]

Meaningfulness of life is one of the main topics in contemporary philosophies. Although early philosophers did not address it by this title in their works, they discussed similar concepts. Through a review of the perspective of Mulla Sadra, also known as Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī, we can conclude that he is among those philosophers who argued for supernaturalism when discussing the concept of life meaningfulness and argued against absurdity and meaninglessness of life in their works. From the perspective of ontology, the belief in origin and resurrection and the existing persuasive and reasonable arguments in the two mentioned areas are indicative of the meaningfulness of human life. The question of the existence of God, monotheism, and then resurrection is considered as the main basis of ontology. Adopting a descriptive and analytical approach, the present study focused on Sadra's perspective on the meaningfulness of life in the light of belief in origin and resurrection. The study also included analyzing, reviewing, and even retrieving his arguments against absurdity and meaninglessness of life. The main finding is that Sadra believes that absurdity is nothing but a mental illusion that the Creation is causeless. The main components of absurdity are denial of God, resurrection, life, and human’s existential dimensions, whereas life meaningfulness includes the belief in God, resurrection, death, and human dignity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Meaning of Life
  • Nihilism
  • Meaninglessness of Life
  • Mulla Sadra
  • Ontology
  • God
  • Resurrection
Holy Quran.                                                                           
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