ابطال تشکیک عینی و حرکت جوهری در مکتب نومشّائی رجب‌علی تبریزی

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانش آموختۀ دکتری دانشگاه تهران پست دکتری از بنیاد علم ایران

10.22061/orj.2025.2403

چکیده

ایدۀ حرکت در جوهر اشیا که در اندیشه­های پیشاسقراطی و برخی آثار عرفانی مطرح بود، از ابداعات فلسفی صدرالدین شیرازی به شمار می­آید. این ایده، به طور مستقیم با مسئلۀ «تشکیک عینی» در ارتباط است و صدرا نیز پیش­تر بر پایۀ دو نظریۀ «اصالت وجود» و «اعتباریت ماهیات» به تصویرسازی خاصّی از «تشکیک در حقیقت وجود» دست یافته بود. امّا از میان منتقدان تفکّر صدرایی، رجب­علی تبریزی با طرح اصطلاحاتی نو و ارتقای ادبیات مشّائیان، تفکّری نومشّائی پدید آورد تا یارای تحلیل و ارزیابی نظرات جدید فلسفی باشد. پژوهش پیش رو با روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی، عهده­دار تبیین و ارزیابی پیش­فرض­های تصوّری و تصدیقی تبریزی، در ابطال دو ایدۀ مرتبط «تشکیک عینی» و «حرکت جوهری» است. از تأمّلات بایسته در اندک آثار حکیم و تقریرات دروس او، به ویژه دو متن الاصول الآصفیة و تعلیقات قوام­الدین رازی، دو گونه نقّادی نسبت به نظریۀ حرکت جوهری استنباط می­شود: نخست نقض مقدّماتی که حرکت جوهری بر آنها ابتنا دارد که مهم­ترین آنها «ذات انگاری وجود»، «اعتباریت ماهیت» و «تشکیک عینی وجود» است و دوم، دلایل مستقل حکیم تبریزی در نفی حرکت جوهری که همگی بر اشکال معروف «گم شدن متحرّک» و تأکید بر بقای موضوع حرکت ابتنا دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Refutation of Objective Develoment and Substantial Movement in the Neo-Peripatetic School of Rajab Ali Tabrizi

نویسنده [English]

  • Mahmud Hedayatafza
PhD student of Tehran University Post doctorate from Iran Science Foundation
چکیده [English]

The idea of motion in the essence of things, which was discussed in pre-Socratic thought and some mystical works, is considered one of Mulla Sadra Shirazi’s philosophical innovations. This idea is directly related to the issue of “objective gradation” and Sadra himself had previously arrived at a unique depiction of “gradation in the reality of existence” based on the two theories of “primacy of existence” and “validity of essences”. However, among the critics of Sadra’s thought, Rajab Ali Tabrizi, by introducing new terminology and advancing the literature of the Peripatetics, brought forth a Neo-Peripatetic perspective to facilitate the analysis and evaluation of new philosophical viewpoints. This research, employing a descriptive-analytical method, undertakes the explanation and evaluation of Tabrizi’s conceptual and propositional presuppositions in invalidating the two related ideas of “objective gradation” and “substantial motion”. From the necessary reflections on the limited works of the Hakim and the transcriptions of his lessons, particularly the two texts Al-Usul al-Asifeyah and Ta’liqāt-e Qavām al-Dīn Rāzī, two types of critique regarding the theory of substantial motion can be inferred: First, the refutation of the premises upon which substantial motion is based, the most important of which are “the substantialization of existence”, “the validity of essence” and “objective gradation of existence”. Second, Hakim Tabrizi’s independent arguments for the negation of substantial motion, all of which are based on the well-known problem of the “disappearance of the mover” and an emphasis on the persistence of the subject of motion.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Objective Gradation
  • Substantial Motion
  • Subject of Motion
  • Mulla Sadra
  • Rajab Ali Tabrizi
  • Qavam al-Din Razi

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انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 23 شهریور 1404

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