تبیین یقین‌بخشی برهان نظم از طریق «استدلال انباشتی»، در سایه تحلیل معناشناختی «یقین»

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری دانشگاه تهران، و طلبه سطح 4 حوزه علمیه قم. مربی دروس معارف دانشگاه تهران

2 عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه تهران و استاد سطوح عالی حوزه علمیه قم

10.22061/orj.2024.2185

چکیده

اندیشمندان و فلاسفه اسلامی همواره عنایت ویژه‌ای به اثبات عقلانی مبدأ متعال داشته‌اند. برهان نظم یکی از این براهین است که از جایگاه و اهمیت بی‌بدیلی در خداشناسی برخوردار بوده و در متون دینی بسیار مورد تاکید قرار گرفته‌است. بیان مسئله: لیکن برخی به‌دلیل ادعای عدم احراز یقین‌آفرینی در برهان نظم، برهانیّت آن را نپذیرفته و آن را از شمار براهین اثبات مبدأ متعال کنار نهاده‌اند. ازاین‌رو تحقیق حاضر با روش تحلیل مفهومی، گزاره‌ای و سیستمی ضمن بازخوانی و تحلیل معناشناختی «یقین منطقی بالمعنی الأخص» و «یقین روان‌شناختی بالمعنی الأعم»، با بررسی برخی تقاریر برهان نظم، در صدد پاسخ به مسئله امکان یقین‌بخشی برهان نظم به معنای حقیقی و منطقی، و بررسی جایگاه و میزان ضرورت برهان نظم در مباحث فلسفی و الهیاتی می‌باشد. دستیافت‌ها: تحقیق حاضر در رویکرد نوآورانه‌ای با اثبات اعتبار و یقین‌آوری استدلال انباشتی از لحاظ منطقی و فلسفی، آن را مبنایی معتبر و عقلانی برای افادة یقین حقیقی در برهان نظم و نه صرفا اطمینان‌بخشی آن، قرار می‌دهد، چراکه استدلال انباشتیِ منطوی در برهان نظم هم‌پایة با متواترات، از یقینیات و باورهای پایه‌ای محسوب می‌شود که ذهن بشر به‌بداهت، آن را تصدیق کرده و تشکیک در آن، سفسطه را در پی خواهد داشت. ثانیا برهان نظم با توجه مشهودبودن و اتقان فلسفی، از جایگاه مهمی در براهین اثبات مبدأ متعال برای تمام سطوح بشری برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining the Certainty of the Proof of Order Through "Accumulation Reasoning", in the Shadow of the Semantic Analysis of "Certainty"

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Norouzi 1
  • Seyed Mojtaba Mirdamadi 2
1 PhD student of Tehran University, and 4th level student of Qom Seminary. Teacher of education courses at University of Tehran
2 A member of the faculty of Tehran University and a professor of higher levels at Qom Seminary
چکیده [English]

Islamic thinkers and philosophers have always paid special attention to the rational proof of the supreme principle. Argument of order is one of these arguments that has an irreplaceable position and importance in theology and has been emphasized a lot in religious texts. But some have not accepted its proof due to the claim of not establishing certainty in the proof of order, and have excluded it from the number of proofs of the supreme origin. Therefore, the present research with the method of conceptual, propositional and systemic analysis, while re-reading and semantic analysis of "logical certainty in the special sense" and "psychological certainty in the general sense", by examining some interpretations of the proof of order, aims to answer the question of the possibility of providing certainty in the proof of order in the true sense and logical, and examining the place and necessity of order proof in philosophical and theological discussions.In an innovative approach, by proving the validity and certainty of the cumulative argument from a logical and philosophical point of view, the present research makes it a valid and rational basis for expressing real certainty in the proof of order and not merely its assurance, because the cumulative argument implied in the proof of order is consistent with mutavaterat. It is one of the basic certainties and beliefs that the human mind readily acknowledges and doubting it will lead to sophistry. Secondly, due to its obviousness and philosophical mastery, the proof of order has an important place in proofs of the supreme origin for all human levels.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Order Proof
  • Cumulative Reasoning
  • Intelligent Design
  • Logical Certainty
  • Psychological Certainty

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