تبیین وجودی زبان در حکمت متعالیه ملاصدرا و نسبت آن با حرکت جوهری و عقل قابل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشگاه لرستان، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، خرم آباد لرستان

2 دانشیار دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان

10.22061/orj.2024.2158

چکیده

وجود، حرکت جوهری و عقل قابل سه مفهوم بنیادین در حکمت متعالیه ملاصدرا به شمار می­روند که با زبان نسبت حقیقی دارند. در این پژوهش با اتخاذ روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی  و تحلیل متون دست اوّل و دوّم درباره حکمت متعالیه تلاش می­کنیم تا نسبت سه مفهوم محوری وجود، حرکت جوهری و عقل قابل را با پدیده زبان از دیدگاه ملاصدرا مورد قرار دهیم. بررسی منابع موجود نشان می­دهد که، اوّلاً، از نظر ملاصدرا زبان امری صرفاً ماهیتی و اعتباری نیست، بلکه زبان جوهری وجودی نیز دارد که وجه حقیقی زبان محسوب می­شود. به بیان دیگر، وجود و زبان هر دو مشَکَک هستند. دوّم آنکه، زبان مانند وجود دارای حرکت بوده و این حرکت جوهری است نه عَرَضی. حرکت در زبان و در قوس صعودی از وجود لفظی یا کتبی آغاز می­شود و به سوی مخیلات پیش می­رود و سپس وارد قلمرو الهامات ربانی می­شود. سوّم آنکه، زبان هم ساحتی ماهیتی دارد و هم ساحتی وجودی، بدین معنی که میزان استکمال زبان به میزان استکمال عقل قابل بستگی دارد. به عبارت دیگر، هر چه عقل قابل کامل­تر باشد، زبان عقل قابل کامل­تر است، تا حدی که مرز آن به اندازه مرز هستی گسترده شده و این­همان با کلام الهی می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Existential Explanation of Sadra's Transcendent Movement and its Relation to the Substantive Movement and Receptive Reason

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmood Reza Moradian 1
  • Saied Khazaie 2
  • Akram Ramezanzadeh 1
1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Health Information Technology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The existence, receptive reason, and substantive movement are three basic concepts in Molla Sadra's Transcendent Wisdom, which are existentially related to language. Adopting a descriptive-analytic method, this research investigated into the first- and second-hand sources on Transcendent Wisdom to determine the relation between the language and the three concepts mentioned above. The results of the study showed, first, that, in Molla Sadra's view, language is existential, along with being essential and conventional. Second, like existence, language involves substantive movement from the verbal existence up to the intelligibles and divine revelations. Thirdly, this existential language is one of the potentials of the receptive reason in the sense that the degree of the perfection of language is proportionate to the degree of the perfection of the receptive reason. In other words, the more perfect the receptive reason is, the more elaborate and extended the language of the receptive reason is. In other words, this language can be as vast as the universe in its scope and ranking place.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Molla Sadra's Transcendent Wisdom
  • Existence
  • Receptive Reason
  • Substantive Motion
  • Language

مراجع

Adel H. [Translation of Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics]. Kant I (Author). Tehran. Markaz Nashr Daneshgahi; 1991. Persian.
Ahani G. [Translation of On the Senses]. Molla Sadra (Author). Isfahan: Isfahan University Press; 1982. Persian.
Aram A. [Translation of Three Muslem Sages]. Nasr S (Author). Tehran: Amir Kabir Publication; 2010. Persian.
Ashtiani SJ. A Description of the Views of Molla Sadra. Ghom: Boostan Ketab Publication; 2008. Persian.
Babaei A. [Translation of the Evidence of Lordship]. Molla Sadra (Author). Tehran: Molla Publication; 2014. Persian.
Chomsky N. Recent Contributions to the Theory of Innate Ideas. Symposium on Innate Ideas. Boston; 1967.
Chomsky N. Reflections on Language. London: Temple Smith; 1976.
Chomsky N. Rules and Representations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell; 1980.
Chomsky N. Principles and Parameters in Syntactic Theory. In: Hornstein N, Cook VJ, Newson M (eds.) Chomsky's Universal Grammar: An Introduction.     Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd; 1997. P. 80.
Copleston F. History of Philosophy, Vol. 7. Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc. New York; 1985.
Fakhar Noghani V, Hosseini Shahrudi SM. [Investigating and stating the role of language in representing reality and its epistemological results according to Mulla Sadra]. Journal of New Intellectual Research. 2018; 3(5):101-121. Persian.
Ghazali A. M. The Criterion of Science in Logic. Beirut: Dar-Al Hekmat Pubication; 1990. Arabic.
Hekmat N. A Study of the Philosophy of the History of Reason. Tehran: Elham Publication; 1997. Persian
Hekmat N. Existence and Essence in the Transcendent Wisdom. Tehran: Elham Publication; 2002. Persian
Javadi Amoli A. The Sofware of the Teaching of Molla Sadra's Four Travels, Vol. 7. Ghom: Islamic Propagation Office; 1985. Persian.
Khadiv H. [Translation of an Enumeration of Sciences]. Farabi A (Author). Tehran: Elmi-Farhangi Pubication Copany; 2010. Persian.
Kant I. Critique of Pure Reason. Cambridge: Hackert Publishing Company, Inc.; 1996.
Leaman O. Islamic Philosophy: An Introduction, 2nd Edition. UK: Polity Press; 2009. English.
Molla Sadra. ­The Mysteries of the Verses. Tehran: The Wisdom and Philosophy of Iran; 1981. Persian.
Molla Sadra. ­The Eastern Brilliance of Techniques of Logic. Tehran: Negah Publication; 1983. Persian.
Molla Sadra. ­The Keys to the Unknown. Tehran: The Institute of Cultural Research; 1984. Persian.
Molla Sadra. ­A Treatise on Benefits. Tehran. Hekmat Publication; 1996. Arabic.
Molla Sadra. The Beginning and the Destination in the Mystical Travel. Tehran: The Islamic Foundation of Sadra; 2003. Arabic.
Molla Sadra. Transcendent Wisdom in Four Travels. Tehran: Molla Sadra Islamic Foundation; 2004. Arabic.
Molla Sadra. Transcendent Wisdom in Four Travels. Tehran: Molla Publications; 2019. Persian.
Rezazadeh R, Moosakhani K. [The philosophy of Molla Sadra and the problem of meaning: A study of semantics in some of the reasons for the theory of the mental existence]. Research Journal of Philosophical Meditations. 2015; 15: 103-124. Persian.
Shayesteh R, Elmi K, Hosseni S. [Examining the mechanism of the language; its skills and components based on the perspective of  Mulla Sadr]. Essays in Philosophy and Kalam. 2022, doi: 10.22067/epk.2022.44235.0
Yasrebi S. Y. The Transcendent Wisdom: A Study and Criticism of Sadra's Wisdom. Tehran: Amir Kabir Publication; 2010. Persian.
Zargar N. [priority of cognitive processes over language production in Mulla Sadra's philosophy]. Philosophy. 2015; 12(2): 55-71. Persian.
Zargar N. [Priority of human writing over speech from Mulla Sadra's viewpoint]. Wisdom and Philosophy. 2018; 13(52): 77-96. Persian.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار