بستار علّی فیزیکی و فاعلیت الهی از منظر ابن‌سینا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته سطوح عالی حوزه علمیه، عضو بنیاد ملی نخبگان و مدرس سطح مقدمات

2 استاد حوزه و دانشگاه، دانش آموخته حوزه علمیه و دکتری فلسفه دین

10.22061/orj.2024.2155

چکیده

بر اساس دیدگاه مبتنی بر بستار فیزیکی، جهان طبیعی از جهت تاثیر و تأثرِ علّی، خودبسنده است. از این­رو هرگونه دخالت و تأثیر خارجی و جزئی در جهان مستلزم نقض این اصل فیزیکی است، که با تکیه بر این نگاه باورپذیر نیست. از منظر ابن‌سینا این اصل، نمی­تواند منافی فاعلیت الهی باشد؛ زیرا در نظام علّیِ مد نظر او و نیز مطابق با قاعده علیت الحادث که حاکم بر عالم طبیعت است؛ فاعلیت الهی در جهان بنحو سازگار برقرار است. در این نگاه برای توجیه معجزه و استجابت دعا نیازی به تقسیم فعل الهی به عام و خاص نیست. ما با توضیح مبانی فلسفی ابن‌سینا و بررسی دیدگاه او از نظام علّی در هستی، نشان می­دهیم که او با پذیرش نفس و جایگاه آن در سلسله علل و کیفیت ارتباط علّی بین مراتب موجودات، توضیح سازواری از نسبت جهان و فاعلیت الهی ارائه می­دهد. از اینرو در دستگاه فلسفی ابن‌سینا پذیرش دوئالیسم در رابطه ذهن و بدن پایه امکان دخالت فرافیزیکی در جهان فیزیکی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Physical Causal Closure And Divine Action in Avicenna's view

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Gholam Azad 1
  • Mohammad Karimi Lasaki 2
1 Daru-Al-Salam Seminary Iran Tehran
2 PhD in Philosophy of Religion Tehran, University
چکیده [English]

According to the view based on physical closure, the natural world is self-sufficient in terms of causal interaction. Therefore, any external and partial interference in the world entails the violation of this physical principle, which is not believable based on this view. From Avicenna's point of view, this principle cannot contradict divine agency; Because in the causal system he considers and also in accordance with the rule of the causality of the incident which governs the world of nature; Divine activity is established in the world in a consistent manner. In this view, there is no need to divide divine action into general and specific to justify miracles and answering prayers. By explaining Avicenna's philosophical foundations and examining his view of the causal system in existence, we show that by accepting the mind() and its place in the chain of causes and the quality of the causal relationship between the levels of extants, he presents a systematic explanation of the relationship between the world and divine effectiveness. Therefore, in Avicenna's philosophical system, the acceptance of dualism in the relationship between mind and body is the basis of the possibility of metaphysical intervention in the physical world.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Physical Causal Closure"
  • "occurrence`s Causality"
  • "Avicenna"
  • "Mind(Nafs)"
  • "Divine Action"

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