بررسی و نقد نظریۀ این‌همانی ذهن و بدن در فلسفۀ ذهن و مقایسۀ گذرای آن با دیدگاه ملاصدرا درباره رابطۀ نفس و بدن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش پژوه سطح 4 رشته حکمت متعالیه جامعه الزهرا(س)

2 دانشیار گروه فلسفه موسسه آموزشی و پژوهشی امام خمینی(ره)

10.22061/orj.2024.2081

چکیده

سخن دربارۀ نفس و بدن همواره مبحثی پراهمیت بوده است. مهم‌ترین مسأله در این زمینه، چگونگی رابطۀ نفس، به مثابۀ وجودی مجرد، با بدن، به مثابۀ وجودی مادی، است. اندیشمندان مختلفی به انگیزۀ حلّ این مسأله، نظریاتی ارائه کرده‌اند. در مقالۀ حاضر که با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی نگاشته شده است، به نظریۀ این‌همانی- به مثابۀ یکی از مهم‌ترین نظریات در فلسفۀ ذهن- و دیدگاه ملاصدرا- از برجسته‌ترین فیلسوفان مسلمان- پرداخته ایم. رهاورد پژوهش این است که بین این دو نظریه اشتراکاتی از جمله نفی دوگانه‌انگاری جوهری و نفی ترکیب موجودی مجرد با موجودی مادی و افتراقاتی از جمله قبول یا عدم قبول وجود «نفس»، قبول یا عدم قبول تجرد نفس، این‌همان بودن یا نبودن (اعم از این‌همانی نوعی یا مصداقی) هر کدام از پدیده‌های بدنی و ذهنی، بازگشت (تقلیل/ تحویل پذیری) یا عدم بازگشت (تقلیل/ تحویل‌ناپذیری) پدیده‌های ذهنی به پدیده‌های فیزیکی، نفی یا قبول علیت ذهنی، وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Reviewing and Criticizing the Theory of the Identity of Mind and Body in the Philosophy of Mind and Comparing it with Mulla Sadra's View on the Relationship between Soul and Body

نویسندگان [English]

  • Naiemeh Najmi Nejad 1
  • Morteza Rezaei 2
1 Level 4 scholar of transcendental wisdom, Al-Zahra Society
2 Associate Professor of Philosophy Department of Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute
چکیده [English]

Talking about soul and body has always been an important topic. The most important issue in this context is how the soul, as a single existence, relates to the body, as a material existence. Various thinkers have proposed theories to solve this problem. In the present article, which is written with a descriptive-analytical method, we have discussed the theory of identity - as one of the most important theories in the philosophy of mind - and the view of Mulla Sadra - one of the most prominent Muslim philosophers. The conclusion of the research is that there are commonalities between these two theories, including the negation of essential dualism and the negation of the combination of a single entity with a material entity and differences, including the acceptance or non-acceptance of the existence of "self", the acceptance or non-acceptance of the singleness of the self, whether it is the same or not (including There is the sameness (a type or example) of each of the physical and mental phenomena, the return (reducibility/deliverability) or non-return (reduction/indeliverability) of mental phenomena to physical phenomena, negation or acceptance of mental causality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Self
  • the Theory of Self-Identity
  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Mulla Sadra
  • Unified Composition
  • Essential Movement of the Self

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