هستی شناسی عرفانی حکیم سبزواری.

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار عرفان اسلامی، گروه ادیان و عرفان اسلامی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران

10.22061/orj.2024.2079

چکیده

چکیده
شناخت حقیقت هستی و چگونگی دست‌یابی به این شناخت از دلبستگی های دیرینه بشر بوده است. برخی با ابزار خِرد برخی با تجربه اعم از تجربه بیرونی و یا عرفانی در این عرصه گام نهاده‌اند. برونداد این تلاش ها، پیدایش مکاتب مختلف فکری خردگرا، تجربه گرا و شهودگرا بوده است. حاج ملاهادی سبزواری، شارح حکمت متعالیه صدرایی، در بررسی مسائل هستی شناسی، در آثار گوناگون خود، روش های عقلی، نقلی و ذوقی را بکار برده است. مساله و هدف اصلی این مقاله که با روش توصیفی تحلیلی انجام شده این است که وی به کدام روش دلبستگی ویژه داشته است. یافته های تحقیق نشان می دهد که سبزواری در بررسی مسائل فلسفی، همچون «اصالت وجود، بداهت وجود، اعاده معدوم» و سایر مسائل فلسفی در آثاری مانند شرح منظومه، حواشی اسفار، حواشی شواهد الربوبیه و شرح الاسماء الحسنی به ساحت برهان اکتفا نکرده است، بلکه با روش ذوقی و عرفانی میان این مسائل فلسفی و مسائلی همچون عشق خداوند به موجودات، تجلی، فیض مقدس و وحدت وجود پیوند برقرار کرده است. سبزواری بر اساس نظریه عرفانی «لا تکرار فی التجلی» معتقد است که دو صورت یا دو حرکت متحقق در تجلی از حیث «تعاقب زمانی و مکانی» عینا همانند همدیگر نیستند. عشق نیز نقشی بنیادین در آفرینش دارد و اصولا عشق، سرچشمه آفرینش است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Hakim Sabzevari’s Mystical Ontology

نویسنده [English]

  • Hassan Saeidi
Associate Professor, Department of Religions and Mysticism, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

There is an ancient eager to know the truth of Being and to find an appropriate method for receive it appealing to reasoning or experience whether be experimental or mystical. Emerging rationalism, empiricism and intuitionism and so on has been the result of that efforts. Mulla Hadi Sabzevari, the famous commentator of Motaalieh School, has used several methods to analyze ontological issues and the article would focus on them, with a descriptive analytical procedure, to find which of them he most interested in. Research findings show that he did not satisfied to rational reasoning method even when he is engaging with philosophical issues in his works such as Description of Manzumah, Commentaries on Asfar, Commentaries on Shavahed al-Robubiah and Description on Divine Names and so on. Rather, Sabzevari with the help of a tasteful mystical method has connected the philosophical issues with issues  Love also plays fundamental role in creation and it is essentially the main source of creation.  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hakim Sabzevari
  • Mystical Ontology
  • Manifestation
  • Mysticism
The Holy Quran
Nahj al-Balagheh, with Dashti's research, Mashhoor Publication, 1th edition, Qom, (2000)AD.[ In Arabic]
Ibn Sina, Hossein, al-ilahiyat men ketab al-shafa , with the research of Hasan Hassanzadeh Amoli, 4th edition, Qom, Bostan Kitab, (1997)AD. .[ In Arabic]
Asiri Lahiji, Shamsuddin Mohammad, Asrar al-Suhood, Tehran, (1986). [ In Arabic]
Izutsu, Toshihiko,  the Foundation of  Hekmat Sabzevari, translated by Jalaluddin Mojtaboi, Tehran, University of Tehran, (1989). [ In Persian]
Amoli, Seyyed Haydar, al-moghadamat men Kitab Nas al-Nusus, Edited by Henry Carbone, Osman Yahya, Toos, 2th edition, Tehran, (1989). [ In Arabic]
Amoli, Mohammad Taqi, Dorar al-fawaid fi sharh al-manzumah", Markaz Nashr Ketab, Tehran,  No date. [ In Arabic]
Turke, Sain al-Din Ali, qawaid  Al-Tawheed, edited by Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli, published by Alef-Lam- Mim, Qom, (2007). [ In Arabic]
Hafiz, Khwaja Shamsuddin Mohammad, Diwan, corrected by Abdul Rahim Khalkhali, Tehran, Meraj,  No place. [ In Persian]
Khosravi, Mohammad Ali, bargozideh maqalat maaref islami, Vol. 1, Awqaf and Charity Publications, Tehran, (2005). [ In Persian]
Khademi, Ainullah, (2019) AD, Pazhooheshhaye Hastishenakhti, No. 16, pp. 101-111. [ In Persian]
Khomeini, Ruhollah, Mesbah al-Hadaye to the Khilafa and al-Walayah, with an introduction by Seyyed Jalaluddin Ashtiani, Moaseseh tanzim va nashr athar Imam khomeini, Tehran, (2007)AD. [ In Arabic]
Sabzevari, Mollah Hadi, Asrar al-Hakm, Molla Publication, Tehran,  No date. [ In Arabic]
_______, Diwan Haj Mulla hadi Sabzevari, London (1993). [ In Arabic]
_______, Sharh al-manzoomeh, Mostafavi, Qom, No date. [ In Arabic]
_______, sharh al-Asma al-Hosna, edited by Najafaqli Habibi, Tehran University, (1993). [ In Arabic]
_______, Sharh Dua al-Sabah, edited by Najafaqli Habibi, Tehran, University of Tehran, (1993). [ In Arabic]
_______, Hashiyeh Asfar, Volume 1, Mustafavi, Qom, No date. [ In Arabic]
_______, Hashiyeh Asfar, 2nd volume, Mustafavi, Qom, No date. [ In Arabic]
_______, Hashiyeh Asfar, 6th volume, Mostafavi, Qom, No date. [ In Arabic]
_______, al-Shawahid al-Rububiyyah, Tehran, Markaz Nashr Daneshghahi, (1981). [ In Arabic]
Saadat Parvar (Pahlawani Tehrani), Ali, Raz Del, Sharh Golshan Raz by Sheikh Mahmoud Shabastri, 1th edition, Qom, Aftab Fitrat, (2020). [ In Persian]
Saadi, Mosleh Ibn Abdallah, Koliat Saadi, by Mohammad Ali Foroughi, 9th edition, Tehran, Amir Kabir, (1993) AD. [ In Persian]
Saeedi, Hassan, Spring (2007) " Athar Falsafi va kalami asalat , tashkik wujood", Aine Marafet, Vol. 10, pp. 19-41. [ In Persian]
_______, "Irfan Asrar", Bayhaq Nameh, volume 2, Sale Awal, yadnameh  Mulla Hadi Sabzevari, Zemestan (1981). [ In Persian]
Shirazi, Mulla Sadra, al-Hikma al-Mu'taaliyyah fi al-Asfar al-Uqliyyah al-Arbaah, Mostafavi, vol.1, Qom, No date. [ In Arabic]
_______, al-Hikma al-Muttaaliyyah fi al-Asfar al-Uqliyyah al-arbaah, Mostafavi, vol. 2, Qom, No date. [ In Arabic]
_______, al-Hikma al-Muttaaliyyah fi al-Asfar al-Uqliyyah al-Arbaah, Mostafavi, vol. 6, Qom, No date. [ In Arabic]
_______, al-Shawahed al-Rububiyyah, tashih va taligheh  Seyyed Jalal Ashtiani, 2th edition, Mashhad, Markaz Nashr Daneshghahi, (1981)AD. [ In Arabic]
Sadouq, Muhammad bin Ali (Ibn Babouyeh), Al-Tawheed, 1th edition, Qom, Jamia Modaresin, 1398 AH-(1978) AD. [ In Arabic]
Tabatabaei, Mohammad Hossein, Nahayeh al-Hikma, Qom, Jameh Modarresin, No date.
Faiz Kashani, Dah Resaleh, 1th edition, Isfahan, Markaz tahghighat ilmi va dini imam ali(a), (1992)AD.
Qaysari, Dawood Ibn Mahmud,  Mata khusus al-kalam fi ma'ani fusus al-hikam , Qom, Anwar al-Hoda, (1995)AD. [ In Arabic]
_______,  Mata khusus al-kalam fi ma'ani fusus al-hikam , 3th edition, Tehran, Entesharat ilmi va farhanghiS, (2007). [ In Arabic]
Mohammadian, Hossein, (2004), Wahdat Wujood az didgheh Hakim Haj Mulla Hadi Sabzevari, number 1, 116-97. [ In Persian]
Modares Ashtiani, Mirzamehdi, Taligheh bar sharh manzoomeh hekmat Sabzewari, Tehran, University of Tehran, (1993). [ In Arabic]
Motahari, Morteza, Majmooeh athar, vol. 2, Qom, Sadra, (2012). [ In Persian]
Molavi, Mohammad, Masnavi, Katabachi, Tehran, (1996). [ In Persian]
Nizami-Ganjovi, Elias Ibn Yusuf, Makhzon al-Asrar, Tehran, Sokhan, (2022) AD. [ In Persian]
Hidji, Mohammad, Taligheh  al-Hidaji ala al-Manzomah and sharheha, Tehran, Moaseseh al-Alami, (1984). [ In Arabic]