بررسی انسان‌شناسی از دیدگاه نیچه و بازتاب آن از منظر اندیشه اسلامی.

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه معارف اسلامی دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، دانشگاه امام صادق علیه‌السلام پردیس خواهران، تهران، ایران

10.22061/orj.2024.2076

چکیده

انسان‌شناسی نیچه بر مبانی اندیشه‎های مادی و تجربه‎انگارانه استوار است و بازتاب‌هایی درخور توجهی دارد. تحقیق پیش‎رو با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی، در زمینه انسان‌شناسی از نظرگاه نیچه و واکاوری پیامدهای آن در آرای برخی از اندیشمندان اسلامی صورت گرفته است. برخی از یافته‎ها و نتایج پژوهش بدین شرح است: نیچه با نفی عقل‎گرایی انسان را تا مرز پوچ‌انگاری سوق می‎دهد سپس برای نجات وی تلاش می‎کند تا  این باور را در انسان نهادینه کند که قدرت در او اصالت دارد. در همین راستا ابرانسان در نگاه نیچه انسانی است که تمام قدرت خویش را در جهت تسلط هر چه بیشتر بر دیگران به منصه ظهور رسانیده باشد. درحالی که در نگاه اندیشمندان اسلامی انسان دارای دو بعد مادی و معنوی است و نفی عقل‎گرایی و مقابله با تفکرات الهی سبب بی‎اعتباری خردورزی است. آنها معتقدند که قدرت به نحو استقلالی برای خداوند تحقق دارد و اگر چه قدرت در برخی موارد برای انسان مطلوب است اما در صورتی که در راستای ظلم به دیگران باشد، قبیح است. به اعتقاد آنها منشأ پوچ انگاری از سوی نیچه نفی امور معنوی و انگاره خداپرستی است، چرا که قرب الهی به عنوان غایتی اساسی به زندگی انسان هویت می‎بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating Anthropology from Nietzsche's Point of View and its Reflection from the Perspective of Islamic Thought

نویسندگان [English]

  • javad gholamrezaei 1
  • Seyedeh Zeinab Soltani 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD student, Islamic philosophy and theology, Imam Sadegh University, Women Campus, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Nietzsche's anthropology is based on the foundations of materialistic and empiricist thoughts and has reflections worthy of attention. The present research has been done with the descriptive-analytical method in the field of anthropology from Nietzsche's point of view and its consequences in the opinion of some Islamic thinkers. Some of the findings and results of the research are as follows: Nietzsche, by denying rationalism, pushes man to the border of absurdity, then to save him, he tries to institutionalize the belief in man that power originates in him. In this regard, in Nietzsche's view, the superman is a person who has brought all his power to the fore to dominate others as much as possible. Whereas, in the eyes of Islamic thinkers, man has two dimensions, material and spiritual, and the negation of rationalism and confronting divine thoughts is the cause of discrediting wisdom. They believe that power is realized in an independent way for God, and although power is desirable for humans in some cases, it is ugly if it is aimed at oppressing others. According to their belief, the source of Nietzsche's nihilism is the negation of spiritual matters and the idea of godliness, because closeness to God as a basic goal gives identity to human life.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nietzsche
  • Nihilism
  • Seeking Power
  • Superman
  • Islamic Thought

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