نقش عشق عقلانی به خداوند در زندگی انسان از دیدگاه اسپینوزا.

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه رازی

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد فلسفه و حکمت اسلامی‌ دانشگاه رازی

10.22061/orj.2024.2065

چکیده

اسپینوزا در مقدمۀ بخش دوم کتاب اخلاق می‌گوید قصد دارد در ادامۀ کتاب به اموری بپردازد که به شناخت برترین سعادت بشر منتهی می‌شود. او در پایان کتاب اعلام می‌کند سعادت عبارت است از عشق عقلانی به خدا. از آن جا که عشق به خدا از نظر اسپینوزا برترین سعادت بشری به حساب می‌آید، درک منظور او از مفهوم عشق الهی ضروری است. او در بخش سوم رسالۀ اخلاق خود برای تبیین سعادت و آزادی انسان، عواطف بشری را تحلیل می‌کند و عشق را به لذتی تعریف می‌کند که همراه با تصور علتش در نظر گرفته شود. او فکر می‌کند چون آدمی‌ ‌به معرفت شهودی و شناخت خداوند دست یابد، در او عشق عقلانی به خدا پدید می‌آید. این عشق علاوه بر این که مقوّم سعادت انسان است، بر کیفیت زندگی او نیز اثرگذار است. لذا این مقاله به تبیین ماهیت عاطفۀ عشق عقلانی به خداوند و کارکردهای اخلاقی و اجتماعی آن از نظر اسپینوزا پرداخته و به این نتیجه رسیده است که این عشق منجر به رهایی بشر از رنج ناشی از انفعالات، رسیدن به آرامش نفس، دستیابی به فضیلت و سعادت و بی اهمیت شدن مرگ و نترسیدن از آن می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of the Intellectual Love of God on Human’s Life according to Spinoza

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Bakhtiari 1
  • Setare Babajani 2
  • Asadollah Azhir 1
1 Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Razi university, Iran
2 M.A Student of Philosophy, Razi university, Iran
چکیده [English]

In the preface to the second part of his book Ethics, Spinoza claims that he intends to deal with matters that lead to the knowledge of human highest happiness. At the end of the book, he declares that happiness is an intellectual love for God. Since the love of God is considered the highest human happiness according to Spinoza, it is necessary to understand what he means by the concept of divine love. In the third part of the book, he analyzes human emotions to explain human happiness and freedom, and defines love as a pleasure that is to consider together with its cause. He thinks that when we achieve intuitive knowledge, i.e. knowledge of God, we may experience an intellectual love for God. In addition to being the basis of human happiness, this love also affects the quality of his life. This article explains the nature of the emotion of intellectual love for God and its moral and social functions according to Spinoza, and has come to the conclusion that this love leads to the releasing of human beings from the suffering caused by passivity, attaining peace of mind, achieving virtue and happiness and observing death unimportant and being not afraid of it.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Spinoza
  • Human Life
  • Functions of Love
  • Intuitive Knowledge
  • Intellectual Love of God
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