الهیات سلبی در حوزۀ هستی‌شناسی صفات الهی در اندیشۀ شیخ صدوق و سعدیا گائون یهودی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشگاه علوم و معارف قرآن کریم

2 پژوهشگر پژوهشگاه بین‌المللی المصطفی و دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه جامعه المصطفی (ص)، نویسندۀ مسئول

10.22061/orj.2021.1581

چکیده

نظریۀ «الهیات سلبی» به‌مثابه نظریه‌ای مهم و پرطرفدار در حوزۀ خداشناسی، در کنار دیدگاه‌هایی نظیر «نظریۀ زبان نمادین»، «اشتراک لفظی»، «اشتراک معنوی» و «الهیات تمثیلی» مطرح است. این پژوهش تقریر، مقایسه و ارزیابی الهیات سلبی در حوزۀ هستی‌شناسی صفات الهی در اندیشۀ ابوجعفر محمدبن علی‌بن حسین‌بن موسی‌بن بابویه قمی مشهور به «شیخ صدوق» (۳۰۶ـ ۳۸۱ق) اندیشمند مشهور امامی وسعدیا بن یوسف گائون مشهور به «سعدیا بن یوسف فیومی» (883-943م)، ‌الهی­دان برجستۀ یهودی است. پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی به تحلیل عقلانی این دو دیدگاه پرداخت. به باور این دو شخصیت، نظریۀ زیادت صفات بر ذات الهی در سایۀ بساطت و ترکیب‌ناپذیری ذات الهی صحیح نیست. سعدیا نظریۀ سلبی‌انگاری صفات ثبوتی را در خصوص صفات حیات مطرح نمود، در حالی‌که شیخ صدوق این نظریه را با انگیزۀ توجیه نظریۀ عینیت صفات با ذات الهی مطرح نمود. براساس یافته های پژوهش پیش رو «غفلت از مؤلفه‌های نظریۀ عینیت»، «ناسازگاری درونی نظریۀ نیابت» و «لزوم ثبوت مقابل صفات کمالی» مهمترین آسیب­های این دو دیدگاه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Negative Theology in the Field of Ontology of Divine Attributes in the Thought of Sheikh Sadough and Saadia Gaun Judei

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Akbari 1
  • Mohammad Ali Esmaeili 2
1 Assistant Professor of Quran University of Science and
2 Al-Mustafa Al-Alamieh Society
چکیده [English]

The theory of "negative theology" is considered as an important and popular theory in the field of theology, along with views such as "symbolic language theory", "verbal sharing", "spiritual sharing" and "allegorical theology". The ontological field of divine attributes in the thought of Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Husayn ibn Musa ibn Babawiyah Qomi known as "Sheikh Saduq" (301-381 AH) is a famous Imami thinker and Saadia ibn Yusuf Gawon known as "Saadia ibn Yusuf Fayumi" (883-943 AD) . The present study used a descriptive-analytical method to rationally analyze these two perspectives. According to these two personalities, the theory of the multiplicity of attributes on the divine essence is not correct in the light of the simplicity and incompatibility of the divine essence. Sa'diya proposed the theory of negative imagery as evidence of the attributes of life, while Sheikh Saduq proposed this theory with the motive of justifying the theory of the objectivity of attributes with the divine essence. According to the findings of the present study, "neglect of the components of the theory of objectivity", "internal incompatibility of the theory of representation" and "the need for proof versus perfection" are the most important harms of these two views.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Negative Theology
  • Ontology of Attributes
  • Positive Theology
  • Sheikh Saduq
  • Sadia Gaun

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