تحلیل وجودشناختی رابطۀ خدا و جهان از دیدگاه ملاصدرا و افلاطون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل

10.22061/orj.2021.1579

چکیده

اندیشه دربارۀ مبدا هستی و نحوۀ آفرینش جهان از مهمترین و قدیمی­ترین مسائل فلسفی است. این نوشتار می­کوشد با روش توصیفی– تحلیلی، مسالۀ رابطۀ خدا و جهان را در هستی­شناسی افلاطون و ملاصدرا بررسی کند و وجوه تشابه و تمایز آن را دریابد. پرسش اصلی این است که رابطۀ وجودی خدا با جهان از دیدگاه این دو فیلسوف چگونه است؟ تفاسیر مختلفی از دیدگاه افلاطون با توجه به بیان رمزی و تمثیلی­اش، ارائه می­شود. در تفسیر دقیقتر، خدای افلاطون علاوه بر نظم­دهندگی، دارای صفاتی چون تجرد، خیر، وحدت، ثبات، بخل نداشتن و زیبایی است که خدای ملاصدرا نیز متصف به این صفات است. ملاصدرا برخی صفات دیگر مثل معطی­الوجود و پاداش­دهندگی را نیز برگرفته از دین و عرفان برای خدا قائل است. او مخلوقات را با مراتب مختلف تشکیک وجودشان، عین ربط و فقر به وجود مستقل واجب­الوجود می­داند که در نظام وحدت شخصی وجود، آنها مراتب فیض و تجلی حق­تعالی هستند. رابطۀ خدا با جهان در سه تفسیری که از افلاطون ارائه می­شود، از سنخ رابطۀ ناظم با جهان منظم محسوسات و یا صاحب سایه با سایه و یا از سنخ رابطۀ عله­العلل با آفریده­هایش است. اما این رابطه در نظام تشکیک وجود ملاصدرا از سنخ رابطۀ وجود مستقل با وجودات ربطی و در نظام وحدت وجودی­اش از سنخ رابطۀ موجود با جلواتش است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Ontological analysis of the relationship between God and the world from the perspective of Mulla Sadra and Plato

نویسنده [English]

  • yousof heidari chenari
department of slamic cultures, faculty of basic sciences, babol noshirvani university of technology, babol, iran
چکیده [English]

The idea of the origin of the universe and how it was created is one of the most important and oldest philosophical issues. This article tries to study the issue of the relationship between God and the world in the ontology of Plato and Mulla Sadra with a descriptive-analytical method and to find its similarities and differences. The main question is what is the existential relationship of God with the world from the point of view of these two philosophers? Different interpretations of Plato's view are offered according to his symbolic expression. In a more accurate interpretation, Plato's god, in addition to order, has attributes such as celibacy, goodness, unity, stability, avarice and beauty, which are also characterized by Mulla Sadra's god. Mulla Sadra also attributes some other attributes to God, such as the gift of existence and reward . He considers creatures with different degrees of their existence, poverty to independent existence, to be obligatory, which in the system of personal unity of existence, they are the levels of grace and manifestation of God. In Plato's three interpretations about the relationship between God and the world is of the type of the moderator's relationship with the regular world of sensations, or of the possessor of the shadow with the shadow, or the causal with his creations. But in the Mulla Sadra's Idea ,this relation is relation of independent existence with relational beings and in the system of his unity of existence is relation existing with his predecessors. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ontology
  • God
  • world
  • existence
  • Mulla Sadra
  • Plato

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