By studying theological and philosophical approaches, it becomes clear that Islamic theologians and philosophers have offered diverse explanations regarding God 's "coexistence" with creatures. Both Islamic theologians and philosophers have, to the best of their abilities, taken steps to clarify this religious issue. Some groups have emphasized the dissimilarity between God and creatures while others have highlighted their affinity. Theologians have denied any existential coexistence between them, decreeing an intrinsic separation. They have offered various interpretations of "coexistence" in the verse "and He is with you wherever you are," understanding this "coexistence" as the scientific coexistence. All Islamic theologians – Ash'arites, Mu'tazilites, and Imamias – concur on this belief. In explaining God's scientific coexistence theologians employ arguments of creation's perfection and the arguments of power and free will. They generally consider God's scientific coexistence as subordinate to His power. However, based on the principles of Transcendent Theosophy, coexistence is subordinate to existence, and existence is synonymous with knowledge. Mulla Sadra does not merely rely on the scientific coexistence mentioned in theologians' statements; instead, he elaborates the relationship between God and the world by introducing existential and qayumi coexistence. This article, using a descriptive-analytical method and a comparative approach, seeks to analyze and reflect upon the issue of divine coexistence with creatures from the perspective of Islamic theologians and Transcendent Theosophy, in order to reveal the intellectual similarities and differences between these two intellectual currents.
HosseiniEskandian, A. , abdollahi, M. and babaei, A. (2025). Explaining God's Coexistence with the Created World according to Islamic Theology and Transcendent Theosophy, with Emphasis on Surah Al-Hadid, Verse 4. Journal of Ontological Researches, (), -. doi: 10.22061/orj.2025.12070.895
MLA
HosseiniEskandian, A. , , abdollahi, M. , and babaei, A. . "Explaining God's Coexistence with the Created World according to Islamic Theology and Transcendent Theosophy, with Emphasis on Surah Al-Hadid, Verse 4", Journal of Ontological Researches, , , 2025, -. doi: 10.22061/orj.2025.12070.895
HARVARD
HosseiniEskandian, A., abdollahi, M., babaei, A. (2025). 'Explaining God's Coexistence with the Created World according to Islamic Theology and Transcendent Theosophy, with Emphasis on Surah Al-Hadid, Verse 4', Journal of Ontological Researches, (), pp. -. doi: 10.22061/orj.2025.12070.895
CHICAGO
A. HosseiniEskandian , M. abdollahi and A. babaei, "Explaining God's Coexistence with the Created World according to Islamic Theology and Transcendent Theosophy, with Emphasis on Surah Al-Hadid, Verse 4," Journal of Ontological Researches, (2025): -, doi: 10.22061/orj.2025.12070.895
VANCOUVER
HosseiniEskandian, A., abdollahi, M., babaei, A. Explaining God's Coexistence with the Created World according to Islamic Theology and Transcendent Theosophy, with Emphasis on Surah Al-Hadid, Verse 4. Journal of Ontological Researches, 2025; (): -. doi: 10.22061/orj.2025.12070.895
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