Ethos and its semantic transformation in Heidegger's views

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 department of philosophy of art, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

3 3Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

10.22061/orj.2021.1514

Abstract

The Greek word ethos (ἦθος) was first used as the meanings of "nature and habit" and "tangible presentation of personality and spiritual qualities" in the works of poets and artists of the eighth to fifth centuries B.C, and then it has been used in the views of some Greek philosophers most of all in the view Heraclitus, Plato and Aristotle with different meanings. Heidegger criticizes the correlation of ethos with Plato's and Aristotle's moral discipline, which, in his view, leads to the deprivation of the revealing power of Being and man's departure from his place in existence and causes the unauthentic dwelling. Heidegger under the influence of Heraclitus, calls the character based on authentic human thinking in relation to phúsis (φύσις), in the sense of the whole beings as "ethos". To explain his ethos, he borrowed some features from the Heraclitus logos to reinforce the Aristotelian logos and ethos, and indicates that man as the "shepherd of the Being" must choose the dwelling method/way which is preferred in the cosmic logos. Because the logos reveals himself to man on the basis of the his authentic ethos, and in the absence of a suitable ethos appearance, the Being turns away from man and man becomes homeless. According to Heidegger, since ethos is not a moral, it can manifests the Being to the man and man dwells next to the gods which of course his consideration in this regard is not entirely acceptable; because, although Heidegger considers his philosophical system to be free from any moral and religious tendencies, but Dasein's commitment to attaining the authentic and primordial essence, his dwelling and being-with-others and being-with nature as a whole can be considered as committed and responsible end.

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References

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Journal of Ontological Researches
Volume 10, Issue 19
September 2021

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