Issuing a Plurality of Unity in the Ontological view of Abu Hamed Ghazali and Ain al-Quzat Hamedani

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant professor of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Department of Religions and Mysticism

2 Associate professor of Semnan University, Department of Religions and Mysticism

10.22061/orj.2024.2063

Abstract

There are various viewpoints on the levels of creation and issuing the plurality of unity in the history of Islamic thoughts. Among them, Abu Hamed Ghazali and Ain al-Quzat Hamedani, despite their discrepancies with Islamic Peripatetic Plotinus in the theory of Emanations and oneness (Al-Vahed) principle, keeping theoretical aspects, tried to solve the problem through illuminations perspectives and with the discussion on light and manifestation. The present study implemented a comparative-analytical methodology to investigate the ontological view of Ghazali and Ain al-Quzat in issuing the plurality of unity. The findings represent that the concept of the Great Soul in the ontological system of Ain al-Quzat has similarities with Mutaa in Abu Hamed Ghazali's view. The Great Soul and Mutaa refer to a divine order responsible for creation and world regulation. Both viewpoints are examples of Mohammad’s light which is the first manifestation of Nour al Anwar (light of lights). Ghazali focused on its true knowledge aspect and Ain al-Quzat on its ontology. Although Mutaa and Great Soul have similar nature to the First Intellect of Islamic Peripatetic since their relations to God is like the relation between light and the source of light, they lack true existence and agency. Therefore, rejecting the linear and sequential order of creation, both thinkers raised the view of stewardship or the coexistence of the creator with creatures.

Keywords

References

The Holy Quran. Tr. by Mehdi Elahi Ghomshe'ei. Tehran: Sazman-e Tablighat-e Eslami. 1981. Persian.
Aeineh Vand, S. [Translation of A Critical Analysis on Mishkat Al-Anwar]. Afifi, A. A. Tehran. AmirKabir press. 1985. Persian.
Ain al-Ghuzat Hamedani. Shekva al-Qarib an al-Autan ela al-Olama al-Baladdan. Ed. by Afif Asiran. Paris: Dar Billion. 1962. Arabic.
-------------------------------. Tamhidat. Ed. by Afif Asiran. Tehran: Manouchehri. 2014. Persian.
--------------------------------. The Letters of Ain al-Ghuzat Hamedani. Introduction and Ed. by Ali Naghi Monzavi and Afif Asaran. Tehran: Manouchehri. 1998. Persian.
Bolkhari Ghahi, H. [The Power of Imagination and the Exemplary World in Imam Muhammad Ghazali's Thoughts and Ideas], Beautiful Arts Magazine, 2006, 1(26): 5-12. Persian.
Fadavi, S., Azim Hamzeian, A., & Khayatian, Gh. [The Mystical Ontology Foundations of the Ain al-Quzat Hamedani]. Research on Mystical Literature.  2019, 13(2): 23-42. Persian.
Ghazali, A. H. Majmoe Al.Rasal Imam Ghazāli. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr. 1995. Arabic.
-----------------. Meshkat al-Anwar va Misbah al-Asrar. Introduction and Ed. by Riaz Mostafa Abdollah. Damascus. Al-Hikmat. 1996. Arabic.
-----------------. The Incoherence of the Philosophers. Tr. by Ali Asqar Halabi. Tehran. Jami press. 2003. Persian.
Ibn Arabi, M. Altadbirat Alahiya fi Eslah Mamlekat Al-Ensaniyah. Leiden, Brill Press. 1918. Arabic.
----------------.  Fosous al-Hekam. Cairo, Dar al-Ehya kotob al-Arabia. 1946. Arabic.
----------------. al-Futuḥat al-Makkiyya. Beyroot, Dar al-Sāder. no data. Arabic.
----------------. Tanbihat Ala Olovva Al-Haqiqah Al-Muhammadiyyah Al-Aliyyah, Collection of Ibn Arabi's Epistles, Beyroot, Dar Al-Mahja Al-Bayda. 2000. Arabic.
Lahiji, M. Mofatih al-Ijaz in the description of Golshan Raz. Ed. by Mirza Mohammad Malek al-Kitab. Mambai, Unknown place of publication. 1933. Persian.
Maneshi, S., Poursina, M., & Hojjat, M. [The Extend of Al-Ghazali's Influence from Avicenna on the Issue of Creation According to Creation and the Cosmic System: Al-Ghazali & Avicenna]. Avecinnian Philosophy Journal, 2020, 24(64): 117-136. Persian.
Miri, M. [Ghazali’s Views on the Rule of ‘Al-Wahid’: Analysis and Critique]. Isra Hikmat, 2009, 1(2): 41-63. Persian.
Mostaghimi, M. S., & Razavi, M. S. [A Comparative Analysis of the Types and Levels of Light from the Perspective of Ghazali and Mulla Sadra]. Comparative Study of Religions and Mysticism, 2020, 3(2): 25-46. Persian.
Najafiafra, M. [Translation of The Mystical Way of Knowledge from the Point of View of Mohi Al-Din Ibn Arabi]. Chitick, W. Tehran, Jami, 2016. Persian.
Shabestari, Sh. M. Golshan e- Raz. Ed. by Mohammad Hassasian. Kerman: Kerman cultural services, 2003. Persian.
Shafi'I Kadkani, M. [Translation of Islamic Tasavof and Relation between God and Human Beings]. Niklson, R. Tehran: Tous. 2015. Persian.
Shajaree, M. [Creation based on Love and the “Rule of Unity” from Ibn Arabi’s point of view]. Journal of Philosophical Theological Research. 2009, 10(4): 83-108. Persian.
Yousef Sani, S. M., & Mahdi Pour, H. [Ain al-Qużat Hamadani's Explanation of Plurality and Unity of Existence on the Basis of Stage of Reason and Domain of Beyond Reason]. Sophia Perennis, 2013, 9(21): 135-164. Persian.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics