Soul in Metaphysics Condemned and Praised in Kant's Thought

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Instructor of Islamic Azad University, Dehdasht Branch

2 Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Philosophy, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

10.22061/orj.2022.1679

Abstract

 One of the three constituent elements of all classical metaphysics is the theory of Soul. Along with the soul, Kant also introduced the world and God as other pillars of transcendental metaphysics, and explained their relation to each other as the outlines of the "science of philosophy" in the third critique. In order to achieve this, he believes that each of these three pillars needs to be analyzed in the context of critical philosophy so that the historical knots of traditional metaphysics can be opened and philosophy can move forward and progress like basic sciences such as mathematics and physics. In the transcendental dialectic of the Critique of Pure Reason, he examines the claims of the metaphysical's counterfeiters in four well-known fallacies, and shows why they are barren. In addition to describing the approach of traditional metaphysicians during this two Kant's serious discussions of the soul- one as a condition of cognition and the other as part of traditional metaphysics and its implicit fallacies- this paper seeks to show how the soul as one of the pillars of the Science of Philosophy and the "complete philosophical system" is formulated in Kant's critical philosophy, and for this formulation how to reject Cartesian psychology.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Ontological Researches
Volume 11, Issue 21
September 2022

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