پاسخ نقدهای احسائی به اثبات حرکت جوهری در حکمت متعالیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران

2 استادیار، عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه شاهد

چکیده

یکی از مهم­ترین مبانی فلسفی حکمت متعالیه حرکت جوهری است که ملاصدرا از طریق حرکت اعراض و متغیر بودن علّت متغیر به اثبات آن پرداخته است. شیخ احمد احسائی بر آن است که به دلیل فاعلیت خداوند نسبت به همه موجودات، جوهر، علّت عرض و فاعل حرکت آن نیست و مبانی ملاصدرا در زمینه فاعل حرکت جوهری و وحدت وجود (یکی بودن محرّک و متحرّک) منجر به دهری و مادی گرائی می­­گردد. احسائی با طرح اراده و اختیار داشتن جمادات، تقسیم ملاصدرا از انواع حرکت به خصوص حرکت طبیعی و قسری را به چالش می­کشاند. در پاسخ به نقدهای احسائی می­توان گفت که فاعلیت خداوند و فرشتگان نسبت به اقسام حرکت بی واسطه نیست. لذا منافاتی با فاعلیت مباشر صورت نوعیه ندارد، علّت با معلول (وجود مستقل و رابط) وحدت حقیقت و رقیقت دارند و به دلیل معلول بودن صورت نوعیه، نظریة ملاصدرا به مادی گرائی نمی­انجامد. جمادات نیز فاقد هر گونه علم و ادراک هستند و بدین لحاظ اثبات حرکت جوهری از طریق فاعل انواع آن خالی از مناقشه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Critical study on Ahsá'í's critics to the substantial motion in the transcendental philosophy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Kordi Ardakani 1
  • Mahmood Saidiy 2
1 Assistant professor at school of education and psychology, Ardakan university, Ardakan, Iran
2 Assistant professor of Shahed University,Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Substantial motion is one the basic foundation of the transcendental philosophy which MullaSadra proves it by the motion of accidents which denote to the transmission of the cause.  According to Shaykh Ahmad Ahsá'í because of the God's causality to all creations, substance is not the cause of accident and its motion, in this regard Ahsá'í believes that MullaSadra' theory of substantial motion is a kind of Materialism neglecting God's existence. Ahsá'í believes that all things including stone and wood have free will and on the basis of this, MullaSadra's division of the motion is not correct. In criticizing these critics, it must be said that   God's causality to the creations is direct and immediate, because of the need of all creation for the God,  MullaSadra' theory does not lead to the Materialism.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • MullaSadra
  • Ahsá'í
  • substance
  • motion
  • accident
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